Georgia WWSCAN Biweekly Newsletter Update 12/6/24

Welcome to the bi-weekly update for WWSCAN partners in Georgia! The samples provided up through 12/2/24 have been processed in the lab and data are on the site at data.wastewaterscan.org.

If you notice any bugs on the site or have any comments about it, please continue to send your feedback via email wwscan_stanford_emory@lists.stanford.edu. We thank you for your partnership!

For site level summaries of the GA plants with current Wastewater Categories and concentration plots, see the following links:

• Big Creek, Roswell, GA
• College Park, GA
• Columbus, GA
• Johns Creek, Roswell, GA
• Little River, Roswell, GA
• RM Clayton, Atlanta, GA
• South River, Atlanta, GA
• Utoy Creek, Atlanta, GA

The methods for our assays are in the public domain and links for these are provided at the end of the newsletter.

SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations have been between 10,000 and 65,000 copies/gram in the last two weeks. The chart below shows the raw data over the last 365 days and the population-weighted aggregated trend line for all 8 Georgia sites when the data is normalized by PMMoV. The aggregated line and the National Levels benchmarks illustrate that SARS-CoV-2 N gene RNA concentrations among Georgia sites remain in the lower third level of all concentrations measured in the last year. SARS-CoV-2 is in the 'Medium' wastewater category in the Southern region with medium concentrations.

As of 12/6/24, RM Clayton is in the MEDIUM (1 site) wastewater category. South River, Utoy Creek, and Columbus sites are in the LOW (3 sites) category. There was not enough data to calculate a category for sites in Little River, Big Creek, Johns Creek, and College Park.

Sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 from wastewater is available for RM Clayton and College Park (Camp Creek). The sequencing protocol is available on protocol.io. The plots below show the relative proportions of different variants inferred from sequencing the entire genome of SARS-CoV-2 (Note: the sequencing variant plots are now available on the website, so the plots that are shown below are linked above if you want to interact with them). Results are based on sequencing of 2 samples per week, combined to provide a weekly value.

In the most recent samples, KP.2 (41.7%) and KP.3 (41.7%) made up the largest proportions of lineages detected at RM Clayton. JN.1.11 (66.7%) made up the largest proportion of lineages detected at College Park. Note that the most recent data is shown below & should be updated as more samples are analyzed (through Aug 31 at RM Clayton and Nov 2 at College Park).

Sequencing data is now also available in aggregate across all sites in WWSCAN with sequencing data through Nov 23. That plot is shown below and suggests that KP.3 is the most abundant variant across all sites (49.0%).

Influenza A (IAV) RNA was detected at most Georgia WWSCAN sites at lower concentrations in the last two weeks, according to the heat map below. IAV RNA concentrations are below 9,000 copies/g. As of 12/6/24, RM Clayton, South River, Utoy Creek, and Columbus sites are in the LOW (4 sites) wastewater category. There was not enough data to calculate a category for sites in Little River, Big Creek, Johns Creek, and College Park.

The chart below shows the raw data and the population-weighted aggregated trend line for all 8 Georgia sites when the data is normalized by PMMoV is in the middle third level.

H1 Marker in Influenza A (IAV) Below is a heat map showing the Georgia sites with samples collected since we started monitoring for the H1 marker in influenza. The gap in the chart is due to a temporary pause in the influenza H1 assay to prepare a new assay. Since monitoring restarted for the H3 marker in influenza A, 1 Georgia WWSCAN site has seen a positive detection.

H3 Marker in Influenza A (IAV) Below is a heat map showing the Georgia sites with samples collected in the last 6 weeks. All results thus far have been non-detect at all Georgia WWSCAN sites based on available data.

H5 marker in Influenza A (IAV) Below is a heat map showing the Georgia sites with samples collected in the last 6 weeks. All results thus far have been non-detect at all Georgia WWSCAN sites based on available data. For more information about this testing and interpretation of results, see our FAQ sheet here.

Influenza B (IBV) RNA was detected at Johns Creek in the last 2 weeks, according to the heat map below. As of 12/6/24, RM Clayton, South River, Utoy Creek, and Columbus sites are in the LOW (4 sites) wastewater category. There was not enough data to calculate a category for sites in Little River, Big Creek, Johns Creek, and College Park.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) RNA has frequently been detected at low to high concentrations across Georgia WWSCAN sites over the past couple of weeks, according to the heat map below. RSV RNA concentrations are between 12,000 and 85,000 copies/g. As of 12/6/24, RM Clayton, South River, Utoy Creek, and Columbus sites are in the HIGH (4 sites) wastewater category. There was not enough data to calculate a category for sites in Little River, Big Creek, Johns Creek, and College Park. In the Southern region, RSV is in the 'High' wastewater category in seasonal onset and an upward trend over the last 21 days.

HMPV (human metapneumovirus) RNA has been detected at RM Clayton in the last two weeks, based on the heat map below. As of 12/6/24, RM Clayton, South River, Utoy Creek, and Columbus sites are in the LOW (4 sites) wastewater category. There was not enough data to calculate a category for sites in Little River, Big Creek, Johns Creek, and College Park.

EV-D68 RNA concentrations are below 14,200 copies/g in the last two weeks. As a reminder, in the heat map below, the color blue means the sample was non-detect for EV-D68 RNA and the colors get darker orange with higher concentrations.

As of 12/6/24, RM Clayton, South River, and Utoy Creek sites are in the HIGH (3 sites) wastewater category. Columbus is in the LOW (1 site) wastewater category. There was not enough data to calculate a category for sites in Little River, Big Creek, Johns Creek, and College Park.

The chart below shows the raw data and the population-weighted aggregated trend line for all 8 Georgia sites when the data is normalized by PMMoV.

Norovirus GII (HuNoV GII) RNA concentrations range between 1,500,000 - 8,600,000 copies/g, and the population-weighted average line when the data is normalized by PMMoV for the 8 Georgia sites is in the middle third level. HuNoV GII RNA chart below also shows the raw data. As of 12/6/24, South River, Utoy Creek, and Columbus are in the HIGH (3 sites) wastewater category. RM Clayton is in the LOW (1 site) wastewater category. There was not enough data to calculate a category for sites in Little River, Big Creek, Johns Creek, and College Park. In the Southern region, norovirus is in the 'High' wastewater category with an upward trend over the last 21 days.

Rotavirus RNA concentrations have been below 60,000 copies/g over the last two weeks. According to the heat map below, rotavirus RNA has been detected frequently at low concentrations at some Georgia WWSCAN sites. As of 12/6/24, RM Clayton and South River sites are in the MEDIUM (2 sites) wastewater category. Utoy Creek and Columbus are in the LOW (2 sites) wastewater category. There was not enough data to calculate a category for sites in Little River, Big Creek, Johns Creek, and College Park.

The chart below shows the raw data and the population-weighted aggregated trend line for all 8 Georgia WWSCAN sites when the data is normalized by PMMoV.

Mpox clade II DNA has not been detected in the last 21 days. This heat map shows data since July 2022. Sites are labeled in the rows and each date a sample was collected as a column. The color blue means the sample was non-detect for mpox DNA and the color maroon means mpox DNA was detected. White indicates no sample was collected. As of 12/6/24, RM Clayton, South River, Utoy Creek, and Columbus sites are in the LOW (4 sites) wastewater category. There was not enough data to calculate a category for sites in Little River, Big Creek, Johns Creek, and College Park.

Candida auris DNA was detected at the Columbus site in the last two weeks, based on the heat map below. As of 12/6/24, RM Clayton, South River, Utoy Creek, and Columbus sites are in the LOW (4 sites) wastewater category. There was not enough data to calculate a category for sites in Little River, Big Creek, Johns Creek, and College Park.

Hepatitis A RNA has not been detected at a Georgia WWSCAN site in the last two weeks, according to the heat map. As of 12/6/24, RM Clayton, South River, Utoy Creek, and Columbus sites are in the LOW (4 sites) wastewater category. There was not enough data to calculate a category for sites in Little River, Big Creek, Johns Creek, and College Park.

Protocols (Pre-analytical methods and SARS-CoV-2 analytical methods including controls):

• High Throughput RNA Extraction and PCR Inhibitor Removal of Settled Solids for Wastewater Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA
• High Throughput pre-analytical processing of wastewater settled solids for SARS-CoV-2 RNA analyses
• Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 variant mutations (HV69-70, E484K/N501Y, del156-157/R158G, del143-145, LPPA24S, S:477-505, and ORF1a Del 141-143) in settled solids using digital RT-PCR
• High Throughput SARS-COV-2, PMMoV, and BCoV quantification in settled solids using digital RT-PCR

Pre-prints and peer-reviewed publications provided WWSCAN methods: 

• SARS-CoV-2 
• Influenza, Human metapneumovirus, Respiratory syncytial virus, Human parainfluenza
• Mpox
• Norovirus GII
• Adenovirus group F, Rotavirus, Candida auris, Hepatitis A
• Enterovirus D68

Peer-Reviewed Scientific Publications Released within the Last 3 Months:

• Human pathogen nucleic acids in wastewater solids from 191 wastewater treatment plants in the United States
• SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in US wastewater: Leading indicators and data variability analysis in 2023–2024
• Detection and quantification of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) total nucleic acids in wastewater settled solids from two California communities
• Detection of Hepatovirus A (HAV) in wastewater indicates widespread national distribution and association with socioeconomic indicators of vulnerability
• Wastewater Surveillance for Norovirus, California, USA

WastewaterSCAN FAQs:

• Frequently Asked Questions on WWSCAN Measurements of H5 Marker in Wastewater Solids
• Frequently Asked Questions on WWSCAN Measurements of Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) RNA in Wastewater Solids
• Frequently Asked Questions on Measurements of Candida auris (C. auris) in Wastewater Solids

WastewaterSCAN Factsheets:

• Influenza A Fact Sheet: Provides a summary of a November 2023 paper exploring how to analyze wastewater data to extract relevant public health insights on Influenza A. Click here to access the IAV fact sheet.
• RSV Fact Sheet: Provides a summary of a March 2024 paper exploring how to analyze wastewater data to extract relevant public health insights on RSV. Click here to access the RSV fact sheet.

WastewaterSCAN Published Body of Work document:

• We are excited to share a new document that provides an overview of the program’s peer-reviewed scientific literature, organized by topics and themes. Click here to access the WastewaterSCAN published body of work.

The next WastewaterSCAN stakeholder meeting will take place at 12pm ET on December 13, 2024. You can use this zoom link to join. Hope to see you there!