SCAN Weekly Update - 3/12/24

This blog post describes data collected at 8 wastewater treatment plants in the Greater Bay Area of San Francisco, CA, including Sacramento, that are partners in the SCAN project which began in late 2020. The SCAN plants are a subset of the WastewaterSCAN plants.

‌All samples picked up by the couriers as of 3/11/24 have been processed and their data are on the site: data.wastewaterscan.org. Please email Amanda at albidwel@stanford.edu if you identify any bugs on the site. ‌

We have two new papers to share with you: one is on RSV in samples across the US in wastewater, and the other is on enteric viruses in wastewater from samples from two SCAN plants. Thank you for making this work possible! The articles are open access so you should all be able to download them to have a look.

For site level summaries of the SCAN plants with current Wastewater Categories and concentration plots, see the following links:

• Gilroy
• Oceanside SF
• Palo Alto
• Sacramento
• San Jose
• Southeast SF
• Sunnyvale
• SVCW

For more information about the Wastewater Categorization system (i.e., how LOW, MEDIUM, or HIGH categories are determined for each pathogen), please see "How are wastewater categories determined?" in the About page for WastewaterSCAN.

SARS-CoV-2 N gene concentrations are between 11,000 - 994,000 copies/g. Below are the current SARS-CoV-2 wastewater categories for the SCAN sites (recall the category is determined by both the trend and the level):

• Gilroy, Sacramento, San Jose, Southeast SF, and Sunnyvale are in the LOW Wastewater Category for SARS-CoV-2
• Palo Alto, Oceanside SF, and SVCW are in the MEDIUM Wastewater Category for SARS-CoV-2

Below are all the data from all the SCAN plants for the last two years. You can access the graph here. The population weighted average across the SCAN plants is shown in black. The population weighted average is starting to decrease from the last peak.

Below are plots from Oceanside SF, Sacramento, San Jose, and Southeast SF showing the relative proportions of different variants inferred from sequencing the entire genome of SARS-CoV-2. White and grey striped bars indicate no data is currently available for that week. In the most recent samples, JN.1 (bright red) made up the largest proportion of the lineages detected at Oceanside SF (100%), Sacramento (100%), San Jose (100%), and Southeast SF (100%). Note that the sequencing data are always from samples taken between 1-2 weeks ago (in this case, March 2, 2024).

Influenza A (IAV) RNA: Below are all the IAV data from all the SCAN plants for the last two years. You can access the graph here. The population weighted average across the SCAN plants is shown in black. All SCAN sites are still in onset for IAV but are coming down from the peak seen at the end of 2023/beginning of 2024.

Below are the current IVA wastewater categories for the SCAN sites (recall the category is determined by both the trend and the level):

• Gilroy is in the LOW Wastewater Category for IAV (not in seasonal onset)
• Sacramento, San Jose, and Sunnyvale are in the MEDIUM Wastewater Category for IAV
• Palo Alto, Oceanside SF, Southeast SF and SVCW are in the HIGH Wastewater Category for IAV

Influenza B (IBV) RNA has been detected in all samples collected from SCAN sites in the last 21 days. The heat map below shows all the SCAN sites as a row and each date as a column for the last year. The color blue means the sample was non-detect for IBV RNA and the colors get darker with higher concentrations. White indicates no sample was collected. Here is the link to the heat map chart.

Below are the current IBV wastewater categories for the SCAN sites (recall the category is determined by both the trend and the level):

• Gilroy, Palo Alto, Oceanside SF, Sacramento, San Jose, Southeast SF, SVCW, and Sunnyvale are in the HIGH Wastewater Category for IBV

In the chart below, the population weighted average line across all the SCAN plants is shown in black and raw IBV data for the SCAN sites are shown as points. Here is the link to the chart if you want to interact with it.

RSV RNA concentrations remain elevated at most SCAN sites and all SCAN sites remain in wastewater onset. In the chart below, the population weighted average line across all the SCAN plants (black) is compared to the RSV concentrations at individual SCAN plants over the last six months. The National Levels benchmarks superimposed on the RSV data from the SCAN sites (you can access this chart here). ‌Currently, all SCAN sites have RSV concentrations in the middle third level.

Below are the current RSV wastewater categories for the SCAN sites (recall the category is determined by both the trend and the level):

• Gilroy is in the LOW Wastewater Category for RSV
• Palo Alto, Oceanside SF, Sacramento, San Jose, Southeast SF, SVCW, and Sunnyvale are in the MEDIUM Wastewater Category for RSV

In the chart below (representing data from Sept 2022-present), the population weighted average line across all the SCAN sites is shown in black, and you can see the current concentrations relative to the peak RSV levels from last year. The link to the chart below is here if you would like to interact with it.

‌HMPV (Human metapneumovirus) RNA concentrations are increasing across all SCAN sites. Below are the current wastewater categories for the SCAN sites (recall the category is determined by both the trend and the level):

• Gilroy, Palo Alto, Oceanside SF, Sacramento, San Jose, Southeast SF, SVCW, and Sunnyvale re in the HIGH Wastewater Category for HMPV

In the chart below, the population weighted average line across all the SCAN plants is shown in black (link here to this chart if you want to interact with it) since early 2023. Evident in the chart is the recent increase in HMPV concentrations across all SCAN sites.

EV-D68 RNA was detected at all SCAN sites (minus Sacramento) from samples collected in the last 14 days. Below are the current wastewater categories for the SCAN sites (the category is determined by the frequency of detection):

• Gilroy, Oceanside SF, Sacramento, Southeast SF and SVCW are in the LOW Wastewater Category for EV-D68
• Palo Alto, San Jose, and Sunnyvale are in the MEDIUM Wastewater Category for EV-D68

The heat map below shows all the SCAN sites as a row, and each date as a column since monitoring began in July 2023. The color blue means the sample was non-detect for EV-D68 RNA and the colors get darker with higher concentrations. White indicates no sample was collected. You can access the chart here.‌

Parainfluenza RNA has consistently been detected in most samples collected from SCAN sites. The population weighted average across SCAN sites is shown in black. You can access the chart here.‌

Below are the current wastewater categories for the SCAN sites (recall the category is determined by both the trend and the level):

• Oceanside SF, Sacramento, San Jose and SVCW are in the LOW Wastewater Category for Parainfluenza
• Gilroy, Palo Alto, Southeast SF, and Sunnyvale are the MEDIUM Wastewater Category for Parainfluenza

Norovirus GII RNA was commonly detected at all SCAN sites. In the chart below, the National Levels benchmarks are superimposed on the the Norovirus concentrations at Oceanside SF, Sacramento and Sunnyvale since early 2023.

Below are the current Norovirus wastewater categories for the SCAN sites (recall the category is determined by both the trend and the level):

• Gilroy is in the LOW Wastewater Category for Norovirus
• Palo Alto, San Jose, Southeast SF, and SVCW are in the MEDIUM Wastewater Category for Norovirus
• Oceanside SF, Sacramento, and Sunnyvale are in the HIGH Wastewater Category for Norovirus

The plot below shows the Norovirus concentrations at the SCAN sites since we began monitoring in late 2022. The population weighted average line is shown in black. You can interact with the chart of all the plants at this link.

‌Rotavirus RNA concentrations are shown in the chart below (all the SCAN plants are shown together). The population weighted average line is shown in black. You can interact with the chart of all the plants here.‌

Below are the current wastewater categories for the SCAN sites (recall the category is determined by both the trend and the level):

• Palo Alto, Oceanside SF, and Sunnyvale is in the LOW Wastewater Category for Rotavirus
• Gilroy, Sacramento, and Southeast SF are in the MEDIUM Wastewater Category for Rotavirus
• San Jose and SVCW are in the HIGH Wastewater Category for Rotavirus

Mpox DNA was not detected in the last 21 days at all SCAN sites. Currently all SCAN sites are in the 'LOW' category for Mpox.

The heat map below shows all the SCAN sites as a row, and each date as a column since July 2022. The color blue means that MPXV DNA was not detected in the sample, and the dark purple color means it was detected. White indicates no sample was collected. The chart shows all the data we have collected. You can access the chart here.

Candida auris DNA was not detected in the last 21 days at all SCAN sites. Currently all SCAN sites are in the 'LOW' category for C. auris.

The heat map below shows all the SCAN sites as a row, and each date as a column for all data collected since monitoring began in July. The color blue means that Candida auris DNA was not detected in the sample, and the dark purple color means it was detected. White indicates no sample was collected. You can access the chart here.‌

Hepatitis A RNA was detected sporadically at most SCAN sites in the last 21 days (except for Gilroy and SVCW). Below are the current wastewater categories for the SCAN sites (the category is determined by the frequency of detection):

• Gilroy, Palo Alto, Oceanside, Sacramento, and SVCW are in the LOW Wastewater Category for Hepatitis A
• San Jose, Southeast SF, and Sunnyvale are in the MEDIUM Wastewater Category for Hepatitis A

The heat map below shows all the SCAN sites as a row, and each date as a column for all data collected since monitoring began in July. The color blue means that Hepatitis A RNA was not detected in the sample, and the dark purple color means it was detected. White indicates no sample was collected. You can access the chart here.‌

Please email Amanda Bidwell (albidwel@stanford.edu) if you do not have the calendar invite for the WWSCAN partner call.